Trauma

Political Protest Injury

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Political Protest Injury, Public Protest Injury, Riot-Related Injury, Student Protest, Riot, Civil Disorder

  • See Also
  1. Kinetic Impact Projectile
  2. Riot Control Agent
  3. Mass Casualty Incident
  4. Trauma Team Activation (TTA)
  5. Trauma Primary Survey
  6. Trauma Secondary Survey
  7. Pediatric Trauma
  8. ABC Management (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation)
  • Causes
  • Anti-Riot Weaponry Used By Law Enforcement
  1. Riot Control Agents (Mucosal Irritants)
    1. Oleoresin of Capsicum (OC, Pepper Spray)
    2. Chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile (CS) Powder
      1. Most common agent used in U.S. by police and border control agents
    3. Chloroacetophenone (CN)
      1. More skin irritation than with CS
  2. Non-Chemical Measures
    1. Kinetic Impact Projectile (e.g. Rubber Bullets)
    2. Conducted Energy Weapons (e.g. TASERs)
    3. Long-Range Acoustic Devices (e.g. Sound Cannons)
    4. Riot Shields
    5. Disorientation Devices (e.g. stun grenades)
  • Causes
  • Weaponry used by Protesters
  1. Knives
  2. Firearms
  3. Incendiary devices
  4. Improvised weapons (e.g. thrown or held)
  • Management
  1. See Trauma Triage in the Field
  2. Staging of EMS in safe zones
  3. Identify appropriate destinations for injured patients requiring transports
  • References
  1. Vedula and Jasani (2025) Crit Dec Emerg Med 39(5): 4-14