Virus

Parainfluenza VIrus

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Parainfluenza VIrus, Parainfluenza

  • See Also
  1. Paramyxoviridae
  • Pathophysiology
  1. See Paramyxovirus (Paramyxoviridae)
  2. Parainfluenza is subdivided into 4 serotypes (and multiple subtypes)
    1. Serotypes have different patterns of outbreaks (some in fall, some in spring-summer)
  • Risk Factors
  1. Malnutrition
  2. Crowded conditions
  3. Vitamin A Deficiency
  4. Second-hand smoke exposure
  • Findings
  1. Children (age <5 years)
    1. Acute Bronchiolitis
    2. Viral Pneumonia
    3. Croup (age <7-8 years)
      1. Responsible for most of Parainfluenza's related morbidity and mortality in children
  2. Older children and adults
    1. Upper Respiratory Infection
    2. Viral Pneumonia (elderly, Immunocompromised)
  • Differential Diagnosis
  1. See Croup
  2. See Acute Bronchiolitis
  3. Adenovirus
  4. Influenza
  5. Metapneumovirus
  6. Respiratory Syncytial Virus
  7. Rhinovirus
  • Complications
  1. Acute Respiratory Failure (esp. children with croup)
  2. Exacerbation of comorbidity
    1. Asthma Exacerbation
    2. COPD Exacerbation
  • Management
  1. See Croup
  2. See Acute Bronchiolitis
  3. See Acute Respiratory Failure
  • References
  1. Branche (2016) Semin Respir Crit Care Med 37(4):538-54 +PMID: 27486735 [PubMed]
  2. Elboukari (2023) Parainfluenza VIrus +PMID: 32809554 [PubMed]