Yellow Fever

Endemic region (urban areas and jungles)
1. Sub-Saharan Africa
  1. Accounts for 90% of current cases
2. Amazon basin of South America
  1. Insecticide spraying limits infections

Yellow Fever is an Arbovirus (arthropod-borne)
1. Transmitted by Aedes aegypti Mosquito (or Haemagogus Mosquito)
2. Incubation Period: 3–6 days
Yellow Fever is a virus in the Flaviviridae family
1. Flaviviridae are enveloped, Icosahedral single stranded RNA Viruses
2. Flaviviridae are Message Sense RNA Viruses (Positive Stranded, +ssRNA)
  1. Message sense RNA (+ssRNA) are identical to Messenger RNA (mRNA)
  2. Like mRNA, +ssRNA may be immediately translated by host ribosomes into Protein
Historically, became well known from the Panama Canal Project (1903–1914)
1. Many canal workers were infected, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality
2. Broad spraying of the Insecticides were later used to prevent infection

Onset of one week after Mosquito Bite
Most cases are asymptomatic (55%) or mild (33%)
1. Self-limited, mild febrile illness with flu-like symptoms
Severe Cases (12%)
1. Hemolytic Jaundice
2. Hemorrhage
3. Fever
4. Heache
5. Nausea and Vomiting
6. Acute Renal Failure

See Prevention of Vector-borne Infection
Yellow Fever Vaccine
1. Indicated for travel to endemic region
2. Required for entry into some countries