Virus

Herpes Simplex Virus

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Herpes Simplex Virus, Simplexvirus, Elsberg Syndrome

  • See Also
  1. Human Herpes Virus
  2. Oral Herpes
  3. Genital Herpes
  4. Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus
  5. HSV Test
  • Epidemiology
  1. HSV Antibody Prevalence in adults (age >40 years)
    1. HSV1 Antibody: 90%
    2. HSV2 Antibody: 20%
  • Pathophysiology
  1. See Human Herpes Virus
  2. Transmission
    1. HSV directly inoculates exposed mucocutaneous surfaces (e.g. Oral Mucosa, Cervix, Conjunctiva)
    2. HSV may also enter via small breaks in the skin surface (e.g. Herpetic Whitlow)
  3. Types
    1. HSV1 may cause either Oral Herpes or Genital Herpes (up to 50% of cases in U.S.)
    2. HSV2 primarily causes Genital Herpes, but may also cause Oral Herpes
  • Types
  • Presentations
  1. Oral Herpes
  2. Genital Herpes
  • Complications
  1. Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus
    1. Vertical transmission of Genital Herpes
    2. HSV is a TORCH Virus
  2. Herpes Keratitis (Corneal infection)
  3. Herpetic Whitlow (painful vesicular lesions on fingers)
  4. Herpetic sycosis (beard area vesicular eruption)
  5. Herpes gladiatorum (vesicular lesions typically on torso with history of wrestling exposure)
  6. Erythema Multiforme (HSV is the most common cause)
  7. HSV Encephalitis
  8. Elsberg Syndrome
    1. See Myelitis
    2. Bilateral lumbosacral radiculitis with lower cord Myelitis due to HSV 2 reactivation
    3. Savoldi (2017) Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroimflamm 4(4): e355 -PMID: 28534040 [PubMed]
  9. Disseminated HSV
    1. Occurs in Immunocompromised patients (e.g. Immunosuppression, Chemotherapy, AIDS)
    2. HSV may infect a wide range of systems (e.g. gastrointestinal, liver, lung)
  • Labs
  • Diagnosis
  1. See HSV Test
  • Management
  1. See Oral Herpes
  2. See Genital Herpes
  3. See Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus
  • References
  1. Gladwin, Trattler and Mahan (2014) Clinical Microbiology, Medmaster, Fl, p. 281-2
  2. Colgan (2003) Am Fam Physician 67(4):757-62 [PubMed]
  3. Usatine (2010) Am Fam Physician 82(9):1075-82 [PubMed]
  4. Zhu (2021) Virulence 12(1):2670-702 +PMID: 34676800 [PubMed]