Virus

Herpesviridae

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Herpesviridae, Herpesviridae Infection, Herpes Family of Viruses, Herpesvirus, Human Herpes Virus, Alphaherpesvirus, Alphaherpesvirinae, Betaherpesvirinae, Betaherpesvirus, Gammaherpesvirinae

  • See Also
  1. Oral Herpes
  2. Genital Herpes
  3. Varicella Zoster Virus
  4. Herpes Zoster
  5. Epstein Barr Virus
  6. Cytomegalovirus
  7. Roseola Infantum
  • Pathophysiology
  1. Charactistics
    1. Double-stranded DNA Virus
    2. Nucleocapsid: 100 nm
    3. Capsomers: 162
    4. Molecular Weight: 100 million daltons
  2. All herpes family viruses can lead to a latent infection
    1. Migrate proximally along nerves to sensory ganglia where they lie dormant after primary infection
    2. Reactivate during stress (e.g. fever, sunlight, Menses) or Immunocompromised states (e.g AIDS)
      1. With reactivation, virus migrates back distally along Peripheral Nerve
      2. Results in a rash that follows a nerve course (e.g. dermatomal rash of Shingles)
  3. Immune response
    1. Herpes viruses trigger a cell mediated immune response
    2. Compromised cell mediated Immunity is associated with more severe Herpesviridae Infections
  • Types
  • Alphaherpesvirinae
  1. Background characteristics
    1. Highly cytopathic infections compared with other herpes viruses
      1. Trigger cell destruction with epithelial separation, resulting in Blister formation
    2. Develops multinucleated giant synctytial cells
      1. Virus inserts Proteins in the host cell plasma membranes, triggering fusion between host cells
      2. Multinucleated cells contain intranuclear inclusion bodies (sites of viral replication)
  2. Simplexvirus (Herpes Simplex Virus)
    1. Human Herpes Virus 1: Oral Herpes
    2. Human Herpes Virus 2: Genital Herpes
  3. Human Herpes Virus 3: Zoster Virus (Varicellovirus)
    1. Initial: Varicella Zoster Virus (Chicken Pox)
    2. Reactivation: Herpes Zoster (Shingles)
  • Types
  • Gammaherpesvirinae
  1. Human Herpes Virus 4: Epstein Barr Virus (Mononucleosis)
  2. Human Herpes Virus 8: Kaposi Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus
  • Types
  • Betaherpesvirinae
  1. Human Herpes Virus 5: Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
  2. Human Herpes Virus 6: Roseola Infantum (Exanthem Subitum)
  3. Human Herpes Virus 7
  • References
  1. Carneiro (2022) Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 117:e220200 +PMID: 36417627 [PubMed]